09.12.2024 Josephin Hartmann 188280

Neurodiversity in children: Meaning, examples & diagnosis

AD(H)S, dyscalculia, dyslexia or giftedness are forms of neurodivergence that can occur in children. How to support your neurodivergent child in learning.

In today's society, there is a diversity of thinking and behavior that goes beyond the traditional understanding of "normal". Neurodiversity or neurodivergence are terms that describe this diversity and refer to people whose brains function in a different way to those considered neurotypical. 

They are often diagnosed with neurological disorders such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia or dyscalculia. However, it is important to understand that children who are neurodivergent have unique abilities, talents and perspectives that can enrich our society. By recognizing and supporting their needs and strengths, we create an inclusive and diverse environment for all children. 

Neurodivergence - simply explained! 

We speak of neurodivergence when certain brain functions of a person work so clearly differently that it is no longer considered "normal" or "typical" within society. This includes people whose bodies perceive and process information differently, which is why neurodiversity has also established itself as a generic term for autism, ADHD or dyslexia. 

Unlike the traditional medical model, they are not seen as pathological, but as a natural variation in human neurological development. Neurodiverse brains simply process information differently, which is why they face greater problems and challenges in a society built on neurotypical brains.   

Where does the term neurodivergence come from? 

The term "neurodivergent" was originally coined by Dr. Judy Singer in 1998. At the time, she was primarily referring to people with autism. At the 2012 National Symposium of Neurodiversity in New York, the concept of neurodiversity in a broader sense was described for the first time. This states that neurobiological differences are seen as a natural predisposition and are a biological fact, similar to what we know about skin color or body size. 

This comparatively young concept thus created a conceptual alternative to traditional models of medicine, which viewed neurodiverse behavior as disordered or pathological. From a neurodiversity perspective, neurodivergent people are not necessarily ill, but live in a society that was often created by and for neurotypical people. This results in challenges and social barriers that lead to discrimination and inequality. 

What is neurodiversity? 

Neurodivergence encompasses a wide range of neurological differences and variations that can occur in children. Many "developmental disorders" diagnosed in medicine also fall within the spectrum.    

The following diagnoses fall under the term "neurodiverse": 

There is also debate as to whether mental illnesses or personality disorders such as borderline should be included. 

Diagnosis & symptoms: How to recognize neurodivergence? 

As mentioned above, neurodivergence refers to differences in brain function. While it includes a number of conditions, each of which has its own signs and symptoms, neurodiversity is not a condition that requires treatment. 

Nevertheless, there are differences between neurotypical and neurodivergent people . To put it simply, neurotypical people are people who are able to cope with school, work and social demands with the available resources in a similar way, in a similar amount of time and with a similar amount of energy as the majority of their fellow human beings. 

For neurodivergent people, however, it is sometimes impossible to do things "the way everyone else does it". Some everyday problems can pose a considerable challenge. 

For them, this means finding their way in everyday life, 

How to support your neurodivergent child in learning! 

Neurodivergent children also want to learn just as much as neurotypical children, but it is often much more difficult for them in our society. However, if you engage with them and try to understand how they absorb information, lessons and teaching materials can be tailored to them. 

1. individual support

Neurodiverse children can benefit from individualized learning support such as tutoring, as they have different learning styles and needs that may not be met in the classroom. In 1:1 lessons, the tutor can focus on the child's specific strengths and challenges.

2. open communication

Parents should talk to teachers about this. This is because open communication promotes understanding and acceptance in the school environment. Parents and teachers can work together to break down barriers, reduce prejudices and achieve individual learning goals. 

3. create if-then plans

If the child has reduced impulse control and problems concentrating, then it can help to draw up if-then plans. "If I know the answer but the teacher won't take my turn, then I write it down instead of just calling it out." "If I want to move, I don't just stand up, I draw a pattern on the tabletop with my fingers." 

4. reformulate weaknesses into strengths

It also helps children if they learn to recognize their supposed weaknesses as strengths. Those who let their thoughts wander are often creative. Those who are impulsive often have a rousing nature and act spontaneously. Those who cannot stay focused on one thing for long often have a wide range of interests and are therefore better able to recognize connections.  

5. seek professional help

The concept of neurodiversity does not refer to diseases, but it can still be important for those affected to receive a medical diagnosis such as autism or ADHD. This gives them access to therapies, aids and medication that can help them specifically.